{"id":32173,"date":"2026-02-19T10:00:35","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T09:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dokdoc.eu\/?p=32173"},"modified":"2026-02-18T20:23:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T19:23:05","slug":"une-erreur-historique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dokdoc.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/19\/une-erreur-historique\/","title":{"rendered":"Une erreur historique"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Emmanuel
Emmanuel Macron et Friedrich Merz lors de la retraite informelle des dirigeants de l’Union europ\u00e9enne au ch\u00e2teau d’Alden Biesen, 12 f\u00e9vrier 2026 (Copyright : Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u2019appel d\u2019Emmanuel Macron en faveur d\u2019une nouvelle \u00e9mission de dette europ\u00e9enne a suscit\u00e9 de nombreuses r\u00e9actions. Ancien diplomate en poste \u00e0 Paris, Moscou, Washington et Strasbourg, Hans-Dieter Heumann revient sur la prise de position du chancelier Merz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le rejet par le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la r\u00e9cente initiative du pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais en faveur d\u2019une Europe souveraine est une erreur historique. Dans une interview au Monde<\/a> et \u00e0\u00a0plusieurs journaux europ\u00e9ens (10 f\u00e9vrier 2026), Emmanuel Macron a donn\u00e9 une r\u00e9ponse forte \u00e0 la \u00ab destruction \u00bb de l\u2019ordre international\u00a0par Donald Trump. Quelques jours plus tard, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la Conf\u00e9rence de Munich sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, il a rempil\u00e9 et exhort\u00e9 l\u2019Europe \u00e0 avoir le courage de \u00ab\u00a0devenir une puissance g\u00e9opolitique.\u00a0\u00bb Dans la lign\u00e9e du rapport<\/a> Draghi, il a appel\u00e9 \u00e0 des investissements appropri\u00e9s \u2013 \u00e0 raison\u00a0: l\u2019Europe ne peut continuer \u00e0 fonder son action sur un budget d\u2019\u00e0 peine 150 milliards d\u2019euros. Un financement \u00e9quivalant \u00e0 1\u202f% du PIB des \u00c9tats membres ne suffira pas \u00e0 assurer la viabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019Union. \u00c0 terme, l\u2019Allemagne ne pourra se soustraire \u00e0 la logique d\u2019un effort commun, notamment sous la forme d\u2019euro-obligations\u00a0; ces derni\u00e8res renforceraient le r\u00f4le international de l\u2019euro et, par cons\u00e9quent, la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019action de l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Une m\u00e9connaissance profonde de la pens\u00e9e strat\u00e9gique fran\u00e7aise \u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral m\u00e9conna\u00eet, une fois de plus, l\u2019importance strat\u00e9gique de la politique europ\u00e9enne de la France. Le discours prononc\u00e9 du pr\u00e9sident Macron \u00e0 la Sorbonne (26 septembre 2017) \u00e9tait une r\u00e9ponse au premier mandat de Donald Trump. Quelques mois auparavant, lors d\u2019une intervention sous une tente \u00e0 bi\u00e8re \u00e0 Munich (28 mai 2017), la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 exprim\u00e9 publiquement des doutes sur la fiabilit\u00e9 du partenaire am\u00e9ricain. Pour autant, elle ne donna jamais suite \u00e0 l\u2019initiative d\u2019Emmanuel Macron, arguant que \u00ab la France devait d\u2019abord s\u2019acquitter de ses propres t\u00e2ches avant que de nouvelles d\u00e9marches puissent \u00eatre lanc\u00e9es au niveau europ\u00e9en \u00bb. C\u2019\u00e9tait imprudent, si ce n\u2019est irresponsable. Aujourd\u2019hui encore, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral risque de laisser passer une chance historique \u2013 celle d\u2019assumer, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la France, le leadership en Europe. Car sans leadership franco-allemand, la souverainet\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne restera lettre morte.<\/p>\n

L\u2019histoire de la construction europ\u00e9enne montre que l\u2019Europe n\u2019a progress\u00e9 qu\u2019\u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 la France et l\u2019Allemagne ont agi de concert. C\u2019est ainsi que les d\u00e9fis du march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur, la crise de l\u2019euro ou encore la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 ont pu \u00eatre surmont\u00e9s. Ces derni\u00e8res semaines, Berlin et Rome ont certes donn\u00e9 des signes de collusion, mais l\u2019Italie ne peut constituer une alternative viable \u00e0 la puissance nucl\u00e9aire fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u2019Allemagne ne peut plus se retrancher derri\u00e8re les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le chancelier Merz revendique le r\u00f4le de leader en Europe. Pareille ambition ne sera cr\u00e9dible qu\u2019\u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 l\u2019Allemagne adoptera une position de fermet\u00e9, tant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la Russie que des \u00c9tats-Unis. Nous sommes aujourd\u2019hui encore loin du compte. Le gouvernement allemand met en avant l\u2019ampleur du soutien qu\u2019il apporte \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine ; toutefois, par crainte d\u2019une r\u00e9action russe, il h\u00e9site encore \u00e0 donner \u00e0 Kiev les moyens de prendre un avantage militaire d\u00e9cisif. Cela concerne notamment d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles frappes contre des objectifs en Russie, d\u2019o\u00f9 sont lanc\u00e9es les attaques contre l\u2019Ukraine. C\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l\u00e0 tout l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des missiles de croisi\u00e8re Taurus.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Friedrich
Friedrich Merz et Marco Rubio lors de la Conf\u00e9rence de Munich sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (Copyright : Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Il en va de m\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis. Apr\u00e8s la destruction de l\u2019architecture europ\u00e9enne de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, un nouvel ordre doit \u00eatre reconstruit. Les n\u00e9gociations avec la Russie devraient \u00eatre conduites par les Europ\u00e9ens eux-m\u00eames, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une position de force. Contrairement \u00e0 son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur Olaf Scholz, le chancelier Friedrich Merz ne peut plus se retrancher derri\u00e8re les \u00c9tats-Unis. Dans le discours d\u2019ouverture de la Conf\u00e9rence de Munich sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a> (13 f\u00e9vrier 2026), le chancelier a certes formul\u00e9 un diagnostic clairvoyant. Il manque toutefois \u00e0 cette prise de position un programme d\u2019action permettant d\u2019y r\u00e9pondre de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e \u2013 cela m\u00eame qui le diff\u00e9rencierait de ses pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jamais sans la France <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump s\u2019int\u00e9resse davantage \u00e0 un accord avec Moscou qu\u2019\u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne. Il abandonne l\u2019Ukraine et exerce sur elle une pression plus forte que celle qu\u2019il devrait exercer sur l\u2019agresseur. Une paix n\u00e9goci\u00e9e entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Russie ne serait ni \u00e9quitable ni durable. Les Europ\u00e9ens savent d\u00e9sormais qu\u2019ils ne peuvent plus compter sur leur principal alli\u00e9. Cette exp\u00e9rience continuera de marquer les relations transatlantiques m\u00eame lorsque Trump aura quitt\u00e9 le pouvoir.<\/p>\n

Dans cette situation, souvent qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab schisme transatlantique \u00bb, la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019action de l\u2019Europe (\u00ab Handlungsf\u00e4higkeit \u00bb) requiert un leadership franco-allemand. Celui-ci constitue un capital strat\u00e9gique qui ne saurait d\u00e9pendre des conjonctures politiques internes. Le leadership ne se d\u00e9cr\u00e8te pas\u00a0: il suppose une pens\u00e9e strat\u00e9gique et la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019anticiper les crises. Or, dans ce domaine, l\u2019Allemagne accuse encore un retard non n\u00e9gligeable par rapport \u00e0 la France.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur <\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"Hans-Dieter
Hans-Dieter Heumann (Copyright : priv\u00e9)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ancien ambassadeur d\u2019Allemagne, Hans-Dieter Heumann a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident de la Bundesakademie f\u00fcr Sicherheitspolitik de 2011 \u00e0 2015. Il est aujourd\u2019hui chercheur associ\u00e9 au Center for Advanced Security, Strategic and Integration Studies (Universit\u00e9 de Bonn). Heumann est \u00e9galement le biographe de Hans-Dietrich Genscher, ministre allemand des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de 1974 \u00e0 1992.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019appel d\u2019Emmanuel Macron en faveur d\u2019une nouvelle \u00e9mission de dette europ\u00e9enne a suscit\u00e9 de nombreuses r\u00e9actions. Ancien diplomate en poste \u00e0 Paris, Moscou, Washington et Strasbourg, Hans-Dieter Heumann revient sur la prise de position du chancelier Merz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32177,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[492,896,3896,3897,752,753,152,3903,3894,3893,878,3892,3018,3902,3900,3898,172,3895,3901,3899,150,170,582],"ppma_author":[625],"class_list":["post-32173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique-fr-3","tag-angela-merkel-fr","tag-berlin-fr","tag-conference-de-munich-sur-la-securite","tag-discours-de-la-sorbonne-2017","tag-donald-trump-fr","tag-emmanuel-macron-fr","tag-etats-unis","tag-euro-fr","tag-euro-obligations","tag-europe-souveraine","tag-friedrich-merz-fr","tag-hans-dieter-heumann","tag-le-monde","tag-leadership-franco-allemand","tag-missiles-taurus","tag-munich","tag-olaf-scholz-fr","tag-rapport-draghi","tag-relations-transatlantiques","tag-rome","tag-russie","tag-ukraine-fr","tag-union-europeenne"],"yoast_head":"\nUne erreur historique - dokdoc.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dokdoc.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/19\/une-erreur-historique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une erreur historique - dokdoc.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019appel d\u2019Emmanuel Macron en faveur d\u2019une nouvelle \u00e9mission de dette europ\u00e9enne a suscit\u00e9 de nombreuses r\u00e9actions. 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